Question 1
The emergence of a new internet protocol version impacted me and my employer. With the emergence of the new Internet Protocol version, the Internet has experienced a major upgrade changed the way it communicates. Although the migration to IPv6 was driven by other factors, the new internet protocol version has brought many new functions that have an impact on real-time applications such as video and voice over IP. (Rist, 2008)Real-time applications now work much better on the Internet. It has also added complexity to the way browsers and devices are accessed by users, how they connect to the Internet and how services operate. The disruptions at first slowed down critical services that businesses and individuals rely on every day.
The removal of NAT has Broken Barriers to Communication Security. IPv6 has enhanced security as it allows end-to-end security protocols to secure competently the communication in IP networks. End-to-end security protocols such as IPSEC encrypt data in the IP packet and allow routers to read and modify UDP, TCP, and IP headers. The earlier version had various security problems that related to packet fragmentation when sent through a slower link. IP packets could be sent separately as the router split the packet into compound fragments. The receiver was required to recognize the fragmentation to put the original packet together. This process was more susceptible to penetration. With IPv6, packet fragmentation is not allowed. It requires that oversize packets be dropped first, as an ICMPv6 “Packet Too Big” message is sent to the sender. The sender can then minimize the packet size to allow penetration across the network in a single piece.
The new internet protocol has a positive impact on Voice and Video Quality. Real time communication has become easier and faster as voice and video packets can move faster through the IPv6 network. In the earlier version, tunneling and translation delays were common. The new packet structure in the new internet protocol allows for larger packets with the extra-large payload. Visual communication has benefited given that the new IP allows sending additional video information in one packet. Thus, video quality has increased, and video packets have gotten larger. (Claburn, 2007)
On the employer’s side, the new IP necessitated a tool upgrading and additional configuration to support the protocol. The devices that did not support the new protocol and typically treated it as an entirely separate protocol had to be changed to support the new environment. Configuration parameters such as rule bases, access control list, and others were reevaluated and translated. Security tools were also upgraded as the IPv6 is not backward compatible. The hardware and software used to pass traffic across networks and perform security analyzes failed to work with the new internet protocol traffic. The employer also provided employee training on IPv6 for those employees who lacked the basics of IPv6, so as to make easy incident handling and related activities.
Question 2
RTI estimates the present value of cost for the transition to IPv6 will be approximately $25 billion based on penetration projections. The will primarily incur from 1997 to 2025. These costs are only associated with transitions and do not account for overall expected expenditures on IT software and hardware. The transition costs are relatively small compared to other costs. The transition costs are in terms of increased labor costs that will be incurred by the user to an extent of 92%. The benefits that will arise from the application of the new IP are cost reduction due to improved security, increased efficiency, innovation in communication and online products and value of products. However, it is more difficult to quantify the potential benefits as they are only speculative in nature. Currently, the time and cost estimates made by NIST have not been born out. Even though Organizations have incurred the costs of hardware and software, they are yet to receive measurable benefits. Training also constitutes an additional labor cost to the organization. Currently, the costs of implementation are therefore more than the benefits expected. (Gregory, 2005)
Question 3
From an organization’s perspective, the new internet protocol is not worth the effort as it offers few real benefits to organizations. In fact, the new protocol version has introduced significant headaches. The driving force its development was the imminent exhaustion of available IP addresses. However, trends have changed, and businesses no longer require a lot of public IP addresses. (Mike, 2014) Organizations are instead using RFC 1918 private addressing along with NAT. Further, organizations have been required to upgrade network hardware and software, particularly where older components existed. VPNs, Routers, and Firewalls among other devices introduced before the development of the new IP failed to support the protocol without an upgrade. In the long term, organizations have faced more technical work. Organizations are slow in making the switch. (Yannakogeorgos, 2015) It was expected that IPv6 would provide enhanced security by incorporating IPSec as a standard feature. However, this hasn’t been enough incentive, as enterprises are typically deploying add-on IPSec solutions on their IPv4 networks.
References
Gregory Tassey (2005) RTI Project; IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment
Rist, O. (2008). Prepare Your Company for IPv6. PC Magazine, 27(13), 106
Claburn, T. (2007). The Internet’s Filling Up. InformationWeek, (1140), 24.
Yannakogeorgos, P. A. (2015). The Rise of IPv6. Air & Space Power Journal, 29(2), 103-128.
Mike Chapple (2014) Is a transition from IPv4 to IPv6 worth the effort?
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