The potential of Embryonic Stem Cells
Annotated Bibliography:
Mehta, R. H. (2014). Sourcing human embryos for embryonic stem cell lines: Problems & Perspectives; Indian Journal Of Medical Research, 140106-111.
Mehta his article describes the potential applications and significance of human embryonic stem cells. The human embryonic stem cell lines provide tools that are useful in studying the molecular development of humans which cannot be studied in utero. He reviews a number of studies that supports his argument on the potential application of the human embryonic stem cells in comprehending the formation of different tissues from the stem cells thus understanding the development of organs. Mehta explains the limiting factors that could hinder the usage of the human embryonic stem cells in these studies. The limiting factors include ethical concerns, Immuno- compatibility that could lead to rejections during transplant and inadequate knowledge on how to induce differentiation of these cells. Mehta also describes the different methods useful in sourcing of embryos to derive the human embryonic stem cells. He concludes that embryonic stem cells have an application potential in regenerative and transplantation medicine as well as helping in understanding of developmental biology.
Krtolica, A., & Giritharan, G. (2010). Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-based Models for Male Reproductive Toxicity Screening; Systems Biology In Reproductive Medicine, 56(3), 213-221. 10.3109/19396368.2010.486470
The authors of the article review a number of studies in their search for a model that health practitioners can use to screen male reproductive toxicity. The male reproductive toxicity looks at the harmful effects agents on the developmental stages of male reproduction system and spermatogenesis. They discuss the potential application of embryonic stem cell-derived models in screening reproductive toxicity in males. The mutagenicity test carried on animals proved that some environmental toxicants have adverse effects on the development of the male gametes. Therefore, the use of stem cell can assist in understanding the molecular mechanisms of germ cell and gamete development and the possible factors that might limit these processes in vitro.
Abdelalim, E., Bonnefond, A., Bennaceur-Griscelli, A., & Froguel, P. (2014). Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Potential Tool for Disease Modelling and Cell Therapy in Diabetes. Stem Cell Reviews & Reports, 10(3), 327-337.10.1007/s12015-014-9503-6
In his article, Abdelalim, explains how pluripotent stem cells can find use in the understanding and treatment diabetes. The author observes that there is no permanent diabetes treatment, but the use of the induced pluripotent stem cells and the embryonic stem cells provides a promising approach to treatment and cure of diabetes. These cells have a great potential of differentiating into different cell types including the insulin-screening beta cells. With the development of different lines of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is possible to produce insulin-secreting beta cell thus bring forth a possible approach to deal with the pathophysiology of diabetes. The authors of the article discuss the recent advances in using the PSCs in treatment of diabetes.
Gurudutta, G. U., Satija, N. K., Singh, V. K., Verma, Y. K., Gupta, P., & Tripathi, R. P. (2012). Stem cell therapy: A novel & futuristic treatment modality for disaster injuries. Indian Journal Of Medical Research, 15-25.
The authors of the article discuss the application of stem cell therapy and techniques in transplanting cells or tissues required in the treatment of body damages resulting from various occurrences. The pluripotent nature of stem cells makes them the best option for the treatment and transplantation of bone marrow and other body tissues. The authors of the article discuss stem cells and their application in the treatment of different disorders. These disorders include hematopoietic disorders, acute radiation syndrome, musculoskeletal injuries and Burns and skin injuries. Step cell therapy can also be useful in the treatment of Spinal cord injury, Liver damage and gastrointestinal damages. The authors conclude that the use of stem cell therapy especially the application of MSCs is the way to go in treating disaster victims. However, certain problems revolving around the issue needs a solution before the practice becomes a routine clinical practice.
Wagner, A. M., Krenger, W., Holzgreve, W., Bürkli, P., & Surbek, D. V. (2013). Use of human embryonic stem cells and umbilical cord blood stem cells for research and therapy: a prospective survey among health care professionals and patients in Switzerland. Transfusion,53(11), 2681-2689. doi:10.1111/trf.12137
The study was designed to establish the ethical acceptability of acquiring, researching and offering therapies using the umbilical cord blood stem cells together with the human embryonic stem cells. The researchers conducted the study among health care providers, patients undergoing vitro fertilization therapy, pregnant women, and stem cell donors. The researchers surveyed three categories made up of nine groups. The first class consisted of medical doctors and other medical professionals while the second categories consisted of parents and pregnant women who had exposure to the issue. The last category consisted of children who had exposure to the issue. The participants were given educative material on the issue and a questionnaire to fill. It was found out that the participants agreed it was ethically right to collect umbilical cord blood stem cell to use in research. But only a minority of about 30 percent supported the collection of human embryonic stem cell for research. The researchers concluded that human embryonic stem cell research posed an ethical issue to both the laypersons and the health care professionals.
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